![]() ![]() But it can also rotate around the X, Y, and Z. ![]() It can make translational movements forward and back, left and right, and up and down in the X, Y, and Z axes. They reduce the number of degrees of freedom of the system k equations of constraints reduce the number of the degree of freedom of an n-particle system. The classic example of a rigid body in three-dimensional space is an aircraft in flight. If you're calculating orbits, you don't care about those internal atoms and you ignore their degrees of freedom. The six degrees of freedom (DOF) include three translational motions and three rotational motions. ![]() $$H = \frac$ atoms in the earth have their own internal degrees of freedom. ![]() Textbooks say quantum "particle" to mean "anything which happens to have the Hamiltonian we're talking about right now".Ĭonsider, for example, the harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian I think you are just confused about the words. ![]()
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